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Civilization Made Anew

How can we work together to help heal, or even rebuild, civilization? This brief article is intended to give some ideas. Many wonderful free resources are linked throughout.



Part 1: Building Complex Machinery From "Waste" Material

A lot of useful tools can be made out of recycled materials; all that is required is the understanding of how to do so. For example, Dave Gingery built an entire machine shop from scrap aluminum (e.g.: soda pop cans).

"Casting" is melting metal and shaping it with a mold. This process alone can take one quite far. In the above instance, Dave first made a "charcoal foundry" to melt aluminum. He then molded the parts for a "lathe". A "lathe" is a machine that shapes a piece of material (such as metal or wood) by pressing a blade against it as it rotates. Dave used the lathe to make a "drill press", and so on. Many useful machine parts can be made this way with minimal resources! A similar project is the MultiMachine designed by Pat Delany. It is, quote: "A complete machine shop in one tool. Entirely built from scrap material."

We don't have to stop there either. Once we've made a basic machine shop, we can use it to build even more devices to handle different kinds of materials. For example, making the machines designed by Precious Plastic can help us to do a similar process with scrap plastic.

In combination with other technical skills (like "glassblowing", "welding", and so on), we can make some very sophisticated laboratory equipment for achieving even more efficient and refined results. These books give some nice examples of homemade equipment, both simple and complex:

• UNESCO - Low Cost Equipment For Science & Technology Education [Volume 1; Volume 2]
• The Inexpensive Science Teaching Equipment Project [Volume I - Biology; Volume II - Chemistry; Volume III - Physics]
• C.L. Stong - The Amateur Scientist: [PDF Book; Extra Info 1; Extra Info 2]
John Strong - Procedures In Experimental Physics

A lot of old, out-of-print books are a treasure trove of these sorts of practical skills. They can be downloaded for free from Internet Archive if we know what we are looking for. A good resource for finding these kinds of books was the (now defunct) Lindsay Publications catalog. YouTube has a lot of channels dedicated to machine shop work (e.g.: Inheritance Machining, Fireball Tool, etc.), as well as channels dedicated to the repair of small engines (e.g.: Taryl Fixes All) and generators (e.g.: The Post Apocalyptic Inventor).

In general, we might refer to this process of using a tool to make more tools as "technological bootstrapping". It can be applied to just about any process required to fulfill basic human needs. For example, The Open Source Ecology group has a similar project that they refer to as The Global Village Construction Set whose aim is to produce designs for all of the devices that are necessary to build a modern society from the ground up.

Some other good resources are...

The Soil & Health Library
Journey To Forever
Rex Research
• LOW←TECH MAGAZINE [Standard Website; Solar-Powered Website]
Howtopedia
Appropedia
Practical Action
Simplifier
iFixIt Repair Guides
N55 Design
• Alex Weir's CDs For The Third-World (CD3WD) [Digital Download; Archived Version; Extra Info]
How To Make Everything (YouTube Channel)
Primitive Technology (YouTube Channel)
Pneumatic Options Research Library
The Evenfall Woodworks Library
The Science Madness Library
Upward Spirals - Sustainable Solutions and Regenerative Lifestyles Library
The United Diversity Co-Op Library
The Household Cyclopedia of General Information

When these skills are coupled to methods of planning that are considerate of their effects on the environment and other people (like Buckminster Fuller's Comprehensive Anticipatory Design Science and philosophies like Peter Kropkin's Mutal Aid), they can help us to build things that truly serve life.



Part 2: More With Less By Working With Nature

Many people might be surprised to find out just how little of what humanity has built is vital to their personal health and well-being. With even a little bit of knowledge, basic needs like clean air, water, food, clothes, and shelter can be had without a lot of technology.

Unfortunately, some circumstances can inhibit our ability to do this effectively. For example, resources like food are still scarce for many. This is caused by mismanagement of what is already available (e.g.: inefficient distribution of crops can lead to "spoilage"), pollution can lead to a lack of clean places to "forage", and so on. Some of the issues are systemic in that they are "built into" the processes that are predominant within modern agriculture itself. The following table will attempt to point out a few of those problems and offer some suggestions for their resolution...

Current Issue Resolution Specific Examples
Monoculture
Reason: high densities of a single plant type leads to competition for soil nutrients
Polyculture
Reason: unity in diversity; each plant contributing constructively; all existing in complement
Companion Planting [e.g.: 1, 2]
Crop Rotation [e.g.: 1, 2]
Chemical Fertilizers
Reason: having the minimum amount of nutrients available produces weak and unhealthy plants susceptible to "pests"
Enriching Soil
Reason: having the maximum amount of nutrients available produces healthy and hearty plants able to protect themselves
Hot Composting
Cold Composting
Mycorrhizal Inoculation
Rock Flour
"Nightsoil" from Smoldering
Pesticides / Herbicides / Fungicides
Reason: contributes toxins to the environment and poisons groundwater supply; indiscriminately kills helpful organisms
Constructive Alternatives
Reason: non-toxic; using insects and animals to help; etc.
Bee Keeping
Butterfly Gardening
Fukuoka Method
Aigamo Method
• Various "Organic" Approaches
Hot Water Seed Treatment
GMO Hybrids
Reason: artificially limits the continuation of crop by making "seedless" varieties
Heirloom Seeds
Reason: seeds allow for continuation
Planting In Rows
Reason: inefficient use of water and soil; instability of root structure
Planting On Contours (In Arcs, Circles, & Spirals)
Reason: maximizes water and soil use; plants physically support one another in high wind
Circle Gardening
Permaculture Herb Spirals
Irrigation
Reason: may be a waste of water (i.e.: taking away from water table) when it isn't necessary
Efficient Water Usage
Reason: increases or stabilizes groundwater supply
Rainwater Harvesting
Greywater Recycling
Dry Farming
Seasonal Growing
Reason: must rely completely on preservation during winter
Year-Around Crops
Reason: produces a surplus of food; creates more secure food sources
Greenhouses + Insulation and/or Hot Composting for Temperature Control

When we work with Nature instead of against it, some of the most inhospitable places can be made into lush environments once more. Here are a few beautiful example videos...

Willie Smits - How To Restore A Rainforest
Geoff Lawton - Greening The Desert
Geoff Lawton - The 2,000 Year Old Food Forest
Paul Stamets - 6 Ways Mushrooms Can Save The World
The Story of Al Baydha: A Regenerative Agriculture in the Saudi Desert

There is no shortage of inspiration and opportunity!

We have put together a YouTube playlist with many more videos of a similar nature, and have formulated a general plan for applying the above information to automated food production on the local level.

Thank you for reading! ♥



Addendum (June 3rd, 2024; inching ever closer to paradise)

I have since heard of the book, The Knowledge by Lewis Dartnell. [Depending on the edition, it has the subtitle of How To Rebuild Our World From Scratch or How to Rebuild Civilization in the Aftermath of a Cataclysm.] The basic premise is that, if society were to collapse, we could try to rebuild it by "leapfrogging" off of all of the scientific and technological developments that have already happened throughout history. In other words, we can skip a lot of trial-and-error and processes of refinement by going straight to the most efficient methods for creating the things that we need.

Another book that seems to be written in a similar vein is How to Invent Everything: A Survival Guide for the Stranded Time Traveler by Ryan North. This one takes more of a science fiction approach in its presentation by asking the question, "What would a time traveler stuck in the past have to invent or develop in order to make their life more comfortable?" Similar to the above book, it traces the development of science and technology.

While I haven't read either of these books yet, I think increasing the amount of focus on these types of projects is imperative. There should be worldwide digital preservation efforts that carefully catalog the laboratory work behind important scientific discoveries, manufacturing processes, and other related bits of knowledge with enough detail so that they can be duplicated and/or refined as necessary. It would be like the Svalbard Global Seed Vault, but with information. How does stuff work? Some of the above links are a great start (e.g.: Alex Weir's CDs For The Third-World). Another helpful starting point is the Appropriate Technology Sourcebook: A Guide to Practical Books for Village and Small Community Technology by Ken Darrow and Mike Saxenian.

Like the two Parts of this article, I think the following is a useful schema to build around:

• "Mineral Knowledge"

recognizing various ores → how to build the tools necessary to shape and/or mold them (e.g.: a bloomery and bellows) → understanding the mechanics necessary to produce simple machines (i.e.: inclined planes, levers, wedges, wheels connected by an axel, pulleys, and screws) → how to combine simple machines into more complex machines

• "Plant Knowledge"

how to recognize and properly care for plants that produce useful food, fibers, and other substances → understanding the chemistry necessary to extract or produce items from these materials (e.g.: "saponification" of vegetable oils to make soap)

These things lie at the root of our civilization because they help us to survive. It should be "common knowledge"...easily accessible, understandable, and free for all. However, effectively compiling such a resource requires a different mindset. A brilliant way to develop this kind of thinking is Heidi McDonald's Walkthrough Principle. To quote [*with some slight editing by me]:
...You begin to walk through your house. Slowly, systematically, you are going to look at every single item in every single room, from the light switch to the chair to each individual book on the bookcase, the TV remote, the bathroom vanity and the toothbrush holder on it. Everything.

As you are looking at the things you own, you are asking these questions:

• What is it made from?
• Where was it made?
• How was it made?
• Who made it?
• How did it get to me?

[...]

The world we live in today is immensely materially complex. It is virtually impossible for most people to row backwards up the provenance stream of most of the things that we own, use, and rely on every day. Food. Water. Shelter. Clothing. Much less the thousands of other things we have added in to the mix.

[...]

Since the industrial revolution, the discovery of petroleum as a fuel source, the invention of plastic, the computer, electricity and electronic communications, so on, life has become explosively and exponentially more materially complex.

By necessity, this means that we have become increasingly detached from the objects that we own and use. The difficulties that have come out of this mode of materialism are numerous and well known. I've heard the phrase "throw-away culture" more times than I can count. Sweatshops, conscripted labor, child labor, waste, pollution - and on and on. But aside from the known and named problems, I have heard many people express a sense of "wrongness" that is sometimes difficult to pin down.

The question is: what do we need to change about modern materialism? And how?

[...]

...Even though most of us really don’t have a solid idea of what life was like at any time prior to, say, the mid 20th century, intuitively we know that it was "simpler," at least in the material sense. But what does that mean, exactly?

Take another look at the objects in your home. For each object, ask yourself the question:

Could this be made by an individual or a small shop, with relatively simple tools and materials that are reasonably accessible to the average person?

The obvious answer for many of the items will be "No." A television, a microwave oven, a cell phone - all of these require sophisticated machinery and materials that are beyond the scope of anyone or anything but a large factory. Others will be an obvious “yes”: bookshelves, most furniture, tableware, and so on. Some will fall in between: what about a cooking stove? Fine cloth? Books?

When you stop and think about it, it's a little astounding to remember that less than 150 years ago, nearly everything that people needed and wanted was made in small workshops, by skilled craftsmen using tools, techniques, and materials that were for the most part within the reach of the average person.

[...]

Today, we are in a fantastic position to look to the past and retrieve centuries-old principles, refine them with modern knowledge, to make a better more satisfying and beautiful future.

Using natural resources from the world is an absolute necessity, you can't get away from it. Additionally, everything you do is going to have an impact, period. But I believe that this is not solely a necessary evil - I believe it can actually be a good thing. Working closely with raw materials of the natural world has the potential to connect a person more closely to the natural world. Making things for use by our friends and neighbors can create connections between us. Exchange among communities creates a bond. These are all good things.
I think it is possible to extend this approach beyond simple devices, such as the building of computers. We have to become conscious of how all things are made, the impacts that they are having on ourselves and the environment, and so on. And we are going to have to channel all of it towards true sustainability soon if we want to avoid complete social disintegration and ecological collapse.

Therefore, I will add a couple of other principles to this one. Let's call the first one The Drop-To-Zero Principle. This means that, as much as possible, we try to:

• Make complex information easier to understand and learn on ever shorter timeframes and with less prior knowledge

• Achieve the results of complex processes with ever fewer resources and in the minimum number of steps

The second one we will call The Principle of Maximize Life, Minimize Harm. In short:

• Continuously directing this towards helping and healing everyone, none excluded, to the absolute greatest extent possible

All that is constructive shall be condensed into a seed, which will blossom forth as a new world when nourished with genuine care. Can you see it?